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目的构建儿童计划免疫行为改变通径模型,探讨少数民族地区儿童计划免疫的影响因素及行为改变模式。方法在贵州省黔东南州实施儿童计划免疫信息、教育与传播(IEC)策略的3个试点县进行终末评估,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,采用自行设计的调查问卷;调查2岁～儿童母亲291人;根据调查数据,应用通径分析方法,建立儿童计划免疫行为改变通径分析模型。结果被调查母亲在有关计划免疫知识、态度、行为意向、突变管理能力、社会支持、计划免疫行为上的得分依次为39.70,11.80,11.82,11.10,10.60,28.30。各变量对于儿童计划免疫行为的决定系数(R2)分别为0.4477,0.2813,0.2125,0.3990,0.2435,0.1161。结论计划免疫行为受IEC策略、知识、态度、行为意向、突变管理能力、社会支持以及一般人口社会学特征的影响,并且这些影响因素之间也存在相互作用。
Objective To construct a path model of childhood immunization behavior change and to explore the influencing factors and behavioral change patterns of children’s immunization in ethnic minority areas. Methods The final evaluation was conducted in three pilot counties implementing the program of immunization, education and communication (IEC) for children in Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou Province. The stratified cluster random sampling method was used and the questionnaire designed by ourselves was used. 291 mothers and children; According to the survey data, path analysis method was used to establish a path analysis model of behavioral changes in children’s immunization. Results The mothers’ scores on the knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention, abrupt management ability, social support and planned immunization behavior of the investigated mothers were 39.70, 11.80, 11.82, 11.10, 10.60, 28.30. The coefficient of determination (R2) of each variable for children’s planned immunization behavior was 0.4477, 0.2813, 0.2125, 0.3990, 0.2435 and 0.1616, respectively. Conclusion The planned immunization behavior is affected by IEC strategy, knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention, abrupt management ability, social support and general population sociological characteristics, and there is also interaction between these influencing factors.