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随着社会经济的迅速发展和信息技术对民众生活世界的逐步渗透,许多少数民族口头传统及其代际传承正在发生复杂而深刻的变迁。虽然新疆柯尔克孜族的口头传统在一定程度上依然保有强韧的生命力,但以《玛纳斯》为代表的活形态史诗演述出现了复杂的发展走向。本文以近年来的田野调查材料为依据,关注从传承人群体数量的骤减到年轻一代习艺从师的动机选择,从“玛纳斯奇”的非职业化到老龄化,从口头叙事资源的萎缩到印刷文本的背诵,从演述技艺的退化到史诗韵体叙事的故事化等方面的内容,尝试对当下柯尔克孜族史诗的存续力量及其显见的式微趋势加以探讨。
With the rapid socio-economic development and the gradual infiltration of information technology into the world of people’s lives, many minority ethnic traditions and their inter-generational inheritance are undergoing complex and profound changes. Although the oral tradition of the Kirgiz in Xinjiang still retains a strong vitality to a certain extent, the evolution of the epic verse represented by Manas shows a complex trend of development. Based on the field investigation materials in recent years, this article focuses on the reduction of the number of successors from the successors to the selection of the motivation of the younger generation to practice as a teacher. From the non-professionalization of Manasiji to the aging, From the degeneration of the description skills to the story-telling of epic rhyming narration, trying to discuss the surviving forces of the current Kirgiz epic and its apparent micro-trend.