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飞机起飞需要一个专用的机场,通过滑跑使飞机达到起飞速度,从而获得足够的升力。航天器的升空同样也需要特定的场地,就是人们所说的发射场。发射场内具备整套的试验设施和设备,航天器的装配、储存、监测和发射都是在这里进行的,发射后测量飞行轨道、发送控制指令、接收和处理遥测信息,也是在发射场完成的。载人航天器发射场还包括航天员在空间飞行前留住和体检的设施。载人航天器发射场的场址选择要根据载人航天器发射试验技术的特点、安全要求和特殊性来确定。发射场场址的选择,有着十分复杂的综合性要求。如它应靠近工业区,这样有方便的交通条件,但又应远离人口稠密的地区,这样利于缩小出现发射失败所造成的地面损失;它要求在雷雨少、湿度小、风速低、温差变化不大的地方,又要有丰富的水源,且应尽量靠近赤道的低纬度地区;它要求地质坚实,有较好的安全条件,又要求地势平坦开阔,有良好的布局和发射条件等。大部分发射场的发射方向都是朝东的,主要为了利用地球的自转角速度,节约火箭能量。
The plane needs a dedicated airport to take off, and the plane is brought into take-off speed through the skid so as to obtain sufficient lift. The launch of spacecraft also requires a specific site, which is what people call launch sites. The launch site has a full set of test facilities and equipment. The assembly, storage, monitoring and launch of the spacecraft are performed here. After launch, the flight orbit is measured, control instructions are sent, and the telemetry information is received and processed. It is also completed at the launch site. . The manned spacecraft launch site also includes facilities for the astronauts to retain and perform medical examinations prior to space flight. The site selection of the manned spacecraft launch site shall be determined in accordance with the characteristics, safety requirements and particularities of the launch spacecraft test technology. The choice of launch site has a very complex and comprehensive requirement. If it is close to the industrial zone, it has convenient traffic conditions, but it should be far away from densely populated areas. This will help reduce the loss of ground caused by launch failures; it requires less thunderstorms, low humidity, low wind speed, and the temperature difference does not change. Large areas, but also have a rich source of water, and should be as close as possible to the low latitudes of the equator; it requires a solid geological, good security conditions, but also requires a flat open terrain, good layout and launch conditions. The launch direction of most launch sites is towards the east, mainly to take advantage of the Earth’s rotational angular velocity and save rocket energy.