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本报告是根据长江五十年的水沙资料 ,宏观分析长江干支流各主要水文站水沙发展趋势 ,发现干流汉口站、大通站、宜昌站平均年输沙量都有明显减小趋势。各主要支流水文站减沙趋势明显 ,汉江皇庄站平均年输沙量减少得最为显著。但金沙江的屏山站近期平均年沙量有增加的趋势。长江向洞庭湖分洪分沙的减少 ,使长江干流增沙。根据各站水沙资料分析了长江干流各河段发生的冲淤。文章还分析了大通站的水位流量关系和流量输沙率的关系 ,发现近年来大通站同流量水位有所下降和同流量输沙率也有减小的趋势。
Based on the 50-year water and sediment data in the Yangtze River basin, this report provides a macro analysis of water and sediment development trends of all main hydrological stations in the Yangtze River and tributaries. It is found that the average annual sediment transport of Hankou Railway Station, Datong Railway Station and Yichang Hydropower Station has obviously decreased. Sediment discharge trends of all major tributaries and hydrological stations are obvious. The average annual sediment discharge decreased at Huangzhuang station of Hanjiang River was the most significant. However, the recent average annual sand volume of the Pingshan Station on the Jinsha River has been increasing. The reduction of flood and sediment from the Yangtze River to Dongting Lake will increase the sediment of the Yangtze River. According to the data of water and sediment in each station, the scouring and silting occurred in all the sections of the Yangtze River are analyzed. The paper also analyzes the relationship between water flow and discharge rate of Datong Railway Station. It is found that the discharge water level of Datong Railway Station has decreased and the sediment discharge rate of the same flow has also decreased in recent years.