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目的了解河南省农村地区学龄前儿童的营养状况,探讨饮食营养与儿童生长发育的关系。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法对河南18个地市3～7岁学龄前儿童进行抽样,以WHO推荐使用的Z评分和多元线性回归分析方法评价营养状况;并对其家长进行问卷调查,调查儿童出生时的情况、喂养方法、辅食添加的种类及时间,通过问卷了解家长对儿童营养知识的掌握程度等。结果 2 060名学龄前儿童低体质量、生长迟缓发生率分别为4.18%、3.06%,超重、肥胖发生率分别为2.82%、1.51%;多元线性回归分析显示,与体质量增长相关的因素有每天餐次、每餐餐量、喜吃甜点零食及进食动物性食品和含碳水化合物丰富食物;而与身高增长相关的因素有每餐餐量、每天餐次、进食动物性食品及乳类食品。结论农村地区学龄前儿童的营养状况不容乐观,营养不良和营养过剩并存,需高度重视,对不同年龄儿童应根据其生长发育给予科学营养。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of preschool children in rural areas of Henan Province and to explore the relationship between dietary nutrition and children’s growth and development. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to sample preschool children aged 3 to 7 years in 18 cities of Henan Province. Z-scores and multiple linear regression analysis recommended by WHO were used to evaluate the nutritional status. The parents were surveyed and investigated Children at birth, feeding methods, the type of food supplement and time, through the questionnaire to understand the mastery of children’s knowledge of child nutrition and so on. Results The prevalence rates of low body weight and growth retardation in 2 060 pre-school children were 4.18% and 3.06%, respectively. The incidences of overweight and obesity were 2.82% and 1.51% respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that there were Daily meals, meals per meal, like to eat dessert snacks and eat animal foods and carbohydrate-rich foods; and height growth-related factors are meal size, daily meals, eating animal foods and dairy foods . Conclusion The nutritional status of preschool children in rural areas is not optimistic, malnutrition and excess nutrients coexist, we must attach great importance to different age children should be given according to their growth and development of scientific nutrition.