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轻烃分析是油气地球化学中一种重要的研究方法,在油气藏的勘探和开发中得到了广泛的应用。通过回顾国内外学者对轻烃理论和应用的研究,系统总结了轻烃地球化学研究现状、存在问题及发展趋势。认为目前在轻烃的形成机理方面主要存在2大理论体系,即热裂解成因论和催化成因论。前者强调在轻烃形成过程中热动力占据主导作用,后者强调过渡金属的催化作用是形成轻烃的主要机制。但是,目前轻烃成因理论的研究仍然存在局限性和片面性,热裂解成因论忽视了沉积岩中催化物质对轻烃形成的促进作用,而催化成因论则忽视了热力学作用对催化物质活性的激发影响。在应用方面,轻烃在天然气成因、有机质类型与形成环境和成熟度的判识,以及油气源岩对比和油气藏次生变化、油气运移和油气藏保存条件与连通性判识等方面起到了重要作用。未来轻烃地球化学理论研究趋势是加强轻烃成因理论的基础研究,并重视吸纳其他学科的理论优点;在轻烃地球化学应用研究方面,则应与单体烃同位素和生物标志化合物等方法结合,并充分考虑地质等因素和轻烃分析测试方法的影响。
Hydrocarbon analysis is an important research method in hydrocarbon geochemistry. It has been widely used in the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs. By reviewing domestic and foreign scholars’ research on light hydrocarbon theory and application, the status quo, problems and development trends of light hydrocarbon geochemistry are systematically summarized. It is believed that there are two major theoretical systems in the formation mechanism of light hydrocarbons, namely, pyrolysis and catalytic genesis. The former emphasizes that thermodynamic force plays a dominant role in the formation of light hydrocarbons, while the latter emphasizes that the catalytic action of transition metals is the main mechanism for the formation of light hydrocarbons. However, there are still some limitations and unilateral studies on the genesis of light hydrocarbons. The pyrolysis theory ignores the catalytic effect of the catalytic materials on the formation of light hydrocarbons. However, the catalytic genesis neglects the influence of thermodynamics on the catalytic activity . In terms of applications, light hydrocarbons play an important role in determining natural gas genesis, organic matter type, environmental formation and maturity, as well as the correlation of hydrocarbon source rocks and secondary evolution of oil and gas reservoirs, hydrocarbon migration and reservoir preservation conditions and connectivity identification To an important role. The future trend of light hydrocarbon geochemistry theory is to strengthen the basic research of light hydrocarbon genesis theory, and pay attention to absorb the theoretical advantages of other disciplines; in light hydrocarbon geochemistry applications, it should be combined with monomer hydrocarbon isotopes and biomarkers compounds , And give full consideration to the geological factors and the impact of light hydrocarbon analysis and testing methods.