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科技转化成为现实的生产力,其中转化是从科技到生产的一个不可忽视的转换阶段,谁忽视这个阶段,谁的经济发展就会受到限制,不管它的科学发展到怎么样的高度。在这一点上,日本人最具有转化意识,也最有转化的经验,美国就比日本差多了。过去20年,美国曾是电视、半导体、太阳能电池、激光,录像等许多科技的发源地,但在转化为生产力的竞争中,输给了日本人,连本国的市场也被日本挤占了。这一痛苦历程使美国人懂得最大的失误,是没有抓住转化这一重要环节,把本来占优势的科技力量长入生产。最近布什总统明确提出:“美国如要保持和强化自己的竞争地位,我们不仅要不断开发新技术,而且要不断学会有效地将这些技术转化为民用商品。”我们在这方面的情况比美国还差得多,一位大研究院的院长对我说:“美国科技成果转化率大概是60—70％,我们院只有20—30％,比原苏联还低。”原苏联怎么样呢?几年前,有一位日本企业家讲其成功之道,震惊了世界科技界,原来他们是吸收
The transformation of science and technology into real productivity, in which transformation is a non-negligible transition phase from technology to production, who ignores this stage, who will be limited by economic development, regardless of its scientific development to how high. At this point, the Japanese have the most conversion consciousness and the most transformative experience. The United States is much worse than Japan. In the past 20 years, the United States had been the birthplace of many technologies such as televisions, semiconductors, solar cells, lasers, and video, but in the competition for productivity, it lost to the Japanese, and even the domestic market was occupied by Japan. This painful process has taught Americans the biggest mistake. It has not grasped the important part of transformation, and has grown the predominant scientific and technological forces into production. President Bush recently made it clear that: “If the United States wants to maintain and strengthen its competitive position, we must not only constantly develop new technologies, but we must continue to learn to effectively transform these technologies into civilian products.” Our situation in this regard is even higher than that of the United States. Much worse, the president of a large institute said to me: “The conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements in the United States is about 60-70%. Our hospital has only 20-30%, which is lower than the former Soviet Union.” What about the former Soviet Union? A few years ago, a Japanese entrepreneur talked about its success and shocked the world’s scientific community. It turned out that they were absorbed.