论文部分内容阅读
美国英语对印第安语的借入 ,早在美国英语定形前就已开始。在殖民时期 ,白人移民从印第安语中吸收过来的词汇主要是地名 ,早期美国英语从印第安语中借用的另一个方面的词汇与印第安人的部族关系、生活方式、宗教习俗、农作物、用具、动植物以及社会机构等相关。美国英语对印第安词汇的借用 ,还有一种独特的转借方式 ,即这些印第安词汇不是直接从印第安语借用而来 ,而是通过法语和西班牙语转借而来。此外 ,还有一些词是从印第安语中翻译过来的 ,大多通过意译、音译而成。许多借用词在二种语言交往与融合过程中不仅改变了原来的词义 ,而且在融入美国英语以后不断发生变化 ,许多被改造成新词。
American English’s borrowing of Indian language began before American English was formalized. During the colonial period, the words that white immigrants absorbed from Indian language were mainly place names. The vocabulary of the other aspects borrowed from the early American English from the Indian language was related to Indian tribal relations, lifestyles, religious practices, crops, and utensils. Plants and social institutions and so on. American English borrows from the Indian vocabulary and there is a unique way of borrowing that these Indian words are not borrowed directly from Indian but are borrowed through French and Spanish. In addition, some words are translated from the Indian language, mostly by free translation, transliteration. Many borrowed words have not only changed their original meanings in the process of communication and integration between the two languages, but also have been constantly changing after being integrated into American English. Many have been transformed into new words.