灾害给人类带来人员伤亡、财产破坏、经济衰退等巨大损失,预防灾害、消除灾害和实施灾后恢复是民众的迫切需要。预防、消除灾害必须认识灾害、把握灾害。一、灾害的概念灾害最早是指房屋内自然发生的火灾。后泛指洪水、火山、地震、干旱、龙卷风、病虫害等自然现象给人类造成的危害。现在人们又把海难、空难、车祸、战乱等人为造成的祸害也称之为灾害。随着灾害内涵的增加,灾害不仅包括威胁人类生存的自然现象,而且也包括各种有损于人类自身利益的社 Disasters bring huge losses to human beings such as human casualties, property damage and economic recession. Disaster prevention, disaster elimination and post-disaster recovery are urgent needs of the people. To prevent and eliminate disasters, we must recognize the disasters and grasp the disasters. First, the concept of disaster The earliest disaster refers to the natural fires inside the house. After the general refers to floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, droughts, tornadoes, pests and other natural phenomena harm to humans. Now people call the scourge of man-made disasters such as shipwreck, plane crash, car accident, war and so on, as a disaster. As the connotation of disasters grows, disasters not only include natural phenomena that threaten the survival of human beings, but also include various kinds of social institutions that undermine the self-interest of mankind