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本文探讨经典会话含义理论中“标准含义”的本质及其与“一般含义”、“特殊含义”的关系。本文认为,“标准含义”是在听话者直接默认说话者遵守合作原则的前提下,依据话语及合作原则各次则直接推导出的会话含义。话语一般都具有多个标准含义。“标准含义”是推导“一般含义”及“特殊含义”的基础。“一般含义”是话语上下文与合作原则冲突后第二次推理的结果。“特殊含义”是某个“标准含义”与语境冲突后第二次推理的结果。“一般含义”与“特殊含义”都具有唯一性,他们的推导模式与“标准含义”不同。
This paper explores the essence of “standard meaning” in the theory of classical conversational meanings and its relationship with “general meanings” and “special meanings”. This paper argues that “standard meaning” is the direct implication of conversations derived from discourse and the principle of cooperation under the premise of obeying the principle of cooperation directly by the obedient listener. Discourse generally has multiple standard meanings. “Standard meaning” is the basis for the derivation of “general meaning” and “special meaning.” The “general meaning” is the result of the second reasoning after the conflict between discourse context and cooperation principle. The “special meaning” is the result of a “standard meaning” and the second reasoning after a context conflict. The “general meaning” and the “special meaning” are unique and their derivation pattern is different from “standard meaning”.