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湖北各烟区的烟草种类和植烟环境多样,地下害虫是烟草苗期的主要害虫。为了明确各烟区地下害虫的优势类群及其发生规律,于2011年4—8月对湖北咸丰、五峰、保康和郧西县烟田的地下害虫进行了系统调查。结果表明,湖北省4个烟区的地下害虫结构存在明显差异。恩施烟区以金针虫为优势类群,以蛴螬和蝼蛄为次优势类群;襄阳烟区以地老虎、蛴螬和金针虫发生为主;宜昌烟区以蛴螬和地老虎为主;而十堰烟区以金针虫和地老虎发生为主。烤烟、马里兰烟和香料烟地下害虫发生偏重,而白肋烟和晒烟发生偏轻。烟叶收获期的地下害虫结构与烟叶苗期不同,收获期烟田蛴螬和金针虫密度明显增加。烟草地下害虫的发生程度与烟田海拔高度相关,海拔1200 m左右的烟区,地下害虫发生程度加重。
Tobacco species and tobacco planting environments in various tobacco-growing areas in Hubei are diverse. Underground pests are major pests in tobacco seedling. In order to clarify the dominant groups and their occurrence patterns of underground pests in each tobacco area, a systematic investigation was conducted on the pests of underground pests in Xianfeng, Wufeng, Baokang and Yunxi of Hubei Province from April to August in 2011. The results showed that there were significant differences in the structure of underground pests in four tobacco-growing areas in Hubei Province. In Enshi tobacco-growing area, the golden needleworm was the dominant group, with 蛴 螬 and 蝼 蛄 as the subdominant groups; the Xiangyang tobacco-growing area was dominated by the local tiger, 蛴 螬 and the golden needle; the Yichang tobacco-growing area was dominated by 蛴 螬 and the tiger; Groundworms and land tigers occur. Underground flies of flue-cured tobacco, Maryland tobacco and aromatic tobacco are prevalent, while burley and sun-cured cigarettes are modest. The structure of underground pests at harvest time is different from that of tobacco leaves at seedling stage. The occurrence degree of tobacco underground pests is related to altitude of tobacco field. The tobacco pest area about 1,200 m above sea level has increased the occurrence of underground pests.