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肾结石是病理性生物矿化的产物,其主要矿物为草酸钙。肾小管上皮细胞(REC)损伤在肾结石形成过程中起着关键作用。本文综述了REC损伤后膜表面表达的功能分子,特别是可促进晶体黏附的含酸性基团分子,包括磷脂酰丝氨酸、透明质酸、骨桥蛋白、跨膜糖蛋白等;从分子和超分子水平上讨论了这些功能分子调控草酸钙成核、生长和黏附的机理及其影响因素;并提出了今后的研究方向。
Kidney stones are pathogenic biomineralized products whose main mineral is calcium oxalate. Renal tubular epithelial cell (REC) damage plays a key role in the formation of kidney stones. In this paper, the functional molecules expressed on the membrane surface after REC injury were reviewed, especially those containing acidic groups such as phosphatidylserine, hyaluronic acid, osteopontin and transmembrane glycoprotein which promote crystal adhesion. The mechanisms and influencing factors of nucleating, growth and adhesion of calcium oxalate by these functional molecules are discussed at the level, and the future research directions are put forward.