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哺乳动物的卵母细胞,在胎儿出生时已发育到第一次成熟分裂前期的双线期。以后,则停留在此阶段,一直到青春期,排卵前1～2天,再继续发育、成熟。在整个生殖期中,周期性地发生卵细胞的生长、发育、成熟过程。在每个性周期中,只有一个或数个卵细胞成熟、徘卵,其余大多数卵细胞仍停留在不成熟阶段。为什么卵母细胞会长期停止发育,有哪些因素影响它的发育与成熟?在这个方面,虽然有很多研究,但有很多问题仍在争论之中。影响卵母细胞成熟的各种因素中,多肽及甾体激素的作用已被肯定。除了激素的影响外,还有其他因素也会影响卵母细胞的成熟过程。
Mammalian oocytes, at the birth of the fetus, have developed a two-line phase of the first pre-mature division. Later, then stay at this stage, until adolescence, ovulation 1 to 2 days before continuing to develop and mature. During the whole reproductive period, egg cell growth, development and maturation occur periodically. During each sexual cycle, only one or a few oocytes mature and lay eggs, leaving most of the remaining egg cells to remain immature. Why do oocytes stop growing for a long time? What are the factors that affect the development and maturation of oocytes? Although there are many studies in this area, many questions remain under debate. Of the various factors that affect oocyte maturation, the role of peptides and steroid hormones has been confirmed. In addition to the effects of hormones, there are other factors that can affect oocyte maturation.