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目的通过对某胶体铅酸蓄电池项目工作场所职业病危害因素的种类、危害程度、防护措施及其效果进行评价,为企业职业卫生工作的科学化、规范化管理提供技术依据。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查法和职业病危害因素检测评价法。结果该蓄电池项目主要存在的职业病危害因素为铅尘、铅烟、硫酸、氢氧化钠、苯系物、三氯甲烷、噪声、高温。检测结果表明,铅尘、苯系物、硫酸的个体及工作地点的浓度、氢氧化钠的短时间接触浓度均未超过国家职业卫生标准的要求。铅烟4个工种的时间加权平均浓度和1个岗位的短时间接触浓度超过了国家职业接触限值要求。三氯甲烷的1个工种和对应工作岗位的浓度均超过了国家职业卫生标准的要求。接触噪声作业的1个工种个体噪声强度不符合国家职业卫生标准,3个工作场所噪声强度超过85d B(A)。高温作业人员WGBT指数符合国家职业卫生标准。结论该蓄电池厂存在的职业病危害的防治应从以下几方面进行:建立健全职业卫生管理制度;对超标工作场所及时进行治理;定期开展有害作业工人的职业卫生与职业病防治知识的宣传和培训,按时发放并督导工人正确使用个人防护用品,预防职业病的发生。
Objective To evaluate the types, harm degree, protective measures and effects of occupational hazards in a colloid lead-acid battery project workplace and provide technical basis for scientific and standardized management of occupational health work in enterprises. Methods The method of on-site occupational hygiene investigation and occupational disease hazard testing were used. Results The major occupational hazards of this battery project were lead dust, lead smoke, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, benzene series, chloroform, noise and high temperature. The test results showed that the concentrations of lead dust, benzene series, sulfuric acid and workplace and the short-term contact concentration of sodium hydroxide did not exceed the requirements of national occupational health standards. Lead-four kinds of time-weighted average concentration and a post a short time exposure concentration exceeds the national occupational exposure limit requirements. One type of trichloromethane and the corresponding concentration of jobs are more than the national occupational health standards. The noise intensity of one type of work exposed to noise did not meet the national occupational health standards and the noise intensity of three workplaces exceeded 85d B (A). High temperature workers WGBT index in line with national occupational health standards. Conclusion The prevention and control of occupational hazards in the battery factory should be carried out in the following aspects: establishing and improving occupational health management system; timely managing over-standard workplaces; conducting regular publicity and training on occupational health and occupational disease prevention and control knowledge of harmful workers; And supervise the workers to use personal protective equipment correctly to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.