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以美洲黑杨的雄花枝为材料,采用卡宝品红压片法,观察花粉母细胞减数分裂进程与花芽及花药外观形态的关系,为美洲黑杨2n配子的诱导奠定基础。结果表明:美洲黑杨雄花花序开始露出芽鳞之前,小孢子母细胞减数分裂已经结束;花芽顶端及侧面的芽鳞开始松动时,在同一花序中可以观察到从小孢子母细胞到花粉粒的所有减数分裂阶段,此时是诱导2n配子的最佳时期;美洲黑杨花药长度与减数分裂阶段密切相关,长约0.5 mm的花药处于减数分裂的小孢子母细胞阶段,长约1.0 mm的花药处于减数分裂的细线期、粗线期、中期Ⅰ、末期Ⅰ及二分体阶段,长约1.5 mm的花药处于减数分裂的四分体时期,长约2.0 mm的花药已处于花粉粒阶段;同一花枝上的不同花芽及同一花序中不同小花的发育不同步,但同一小花中的不同花药发育基本一致。美洲黑杨减数分裂过程中染色体行为正常,是分子细胞遗传学研究的良好实验材料。
Male Populus tomentosa was used as material, the relationship between meiosis process of flower pollen mother cells and the morphology of flower buds and anthers was observed by using carbomer magenta tablet method, which laid the foundation for the induction of 2n gametes in Populus nigra. The results showed that the meiosis of microspore mother cells had ended before the male flower buds began to show bud scales. When the bud scales at the top and the lateral of flower buds began to loosen, the microspore mother cells to pollen grains could be observed in the same inflorescence All meiosis stage, at this time is the best time to induce 2n gametes; Antheraea length is closely related to the meiosis stage, about 0.5 mm anthers in meiosis microspore mother cell stage, about 1.0 mm anthers are in meiosis, pachytene, mid-stage I, end-stage I and two-stage stages of meiosis. The anther with the length of 1.5 mm is in the meiosis stage of meiosis and the anther with the length of about 2.0 mm In the stage of pollen grains; different flower buds on the same flowering branch and different florets in the same inflorescence did not develop synchronously, but the development of different anther in the same floret was basically the same. Chromosomes behave normally during meiosis of American poplar, which is a good experimental material for molecular cytogenetics.