微小RNA是一种参与生长发育、器官形成、造血、细胞增殖与凋亡、肿瘤生成等多种生物学过程的重要调控因子,其作用机制主要是与靶信使RNA(mRNA)结合,进而抑制mRNA编码蛋白质的翻译或直接进行mRNA的切割。最近的一些研究发现, miRNAs不但参与了骨骼肌和心肌生长发育的调控,而且还参与了心脏的机械重构和电重构过程,并在调节血管内皮功能方面亦发挥着重要作用。以上发现使微小RNA有可能成为心血管界的一个新的治疗靶目标。 MicroRNAs are important regulators involved in a variety of biological processes such as growth and development, organogenesis, hematopoiesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Their mechanism of action is mainly associated with the target messenger RNA (mRNA) and thus mRNA The translation of the encoded protein or direct cleavage of the mRNA. Recent studies have found that miRNAs not only participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle and myocardial growth and development, but also participate in the mechanical and electrical remodeling of the heart and play an important role in the regulation of vascular endothelial function. The above findings make it possible for microRNAs to become a new therapeutic target in the cardiovascular community.