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美国的竞争力已日益衰落。1987年美国的贸易赤字达1710亿美元,据估计,到1990年美国的外债可能增加到5000亿—8000亿美元,竞争力衰退的原因主要是未能充分开发人力资源以及在使新技术转化为商业生产方面还存在许多问题等。经济的全球化既是一种威胁也是一种机会,只要积极打进全球市场就能获得丰厚的回报。技术革新比资本或人力资源起着更为重要的作用。美国三分之二的生产率增长可归因于技术革新。但过去十年间美国的年均生产增长率仅为0.8%。而同期其他工业化国家的增长速度却为美国的四倍。日本的非防务研究开发投资占国民生产总值的3%,而美国仅占1.9%。美国攻读理科的大学生和研究生的比例均在下降。在美国大学工程课程的35岁以下的教员中有一半以上是外国人,美国的文化传统习惯于大肆吹捧重大突破,而不热心于一点一滴的改良和实干。提高竞争力的重要因素在于加强质量管理,缩短从概念到最终成品之间的时间差,促进设计人员与制造人员之间的交流,增加新设备更新投资以及加强研究人员,工程师和大学教师之间的合作。
The competitiveness of the United States has been declining. The trade deficit of the United States reached 171 billion U.S. dollars in 1987. It is estimated that by 1990 the U.S. foreign debt may increase to 500 billion to 800 billion U.S. dollars. The reasons for the decline in competitiveness lie mainly in the failure to fully develop human resources and in turning new technologies into There are still many problems in commercial production. Economic globalization is both a threat and an opportunity, and returns can be lucrative as long as it actively enters the global market. Technological innovation plays a more important role than capital or human resources. Two thirds of the productivity gains in the United States can be attributed to technological innovations. However, the U.S. average annual production growth rate in the past decade was only 0.8%. In the same period, the growth rate of other industrialized countries was four times that of the United States. Japan’s non-defense R & D investment accounted for 3% of GNI, while the United States accounted for only 1.9%. The proportion of college and graduate students studying science in the United States is declining. More than half of the faculty members under the age of 35 in American university engineering courses are foreigners. The United States’ cultural traditions are ranting about major breakthroughs rather than bit by bit improvement and hard work. An important factor in increasing competitiveness is to strengthen quality control, shorten the time lapse between concept and final product, facilitate communication between designers and manufacturing staff, increase investment in new equipment renewal, and strengthen cooperation among researchers, engineers and university teachers Cooperation.