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对小型飞行器设计中涉及的空气动力学问题进行了综述。描述了雷诺数和展弦比对固定翼飞行器的设计以及飞行性能的影响。在低雷诺数飞行范围。翼型上边界层的特性对飞行器的设计尤为关键。本文讨论了大量有关层流边界层(包括层流分离泡影响)的实验,作为例子,列举了几个此飞行雷诺数范围的小型低空无人驾驶飞行器(UAVs)。此外,对扑动翼推进的理论模型进行了简述;其范围涵盖了早期的准定常附着流模型,以及后来计及非定常尾涡、流动分离以及气动弹性等效应的模型。文中还介绍了那些与理论互补并最终导致扑翼机设计成功的实验。
The aerodynamic issues involved in the design of small aircraft are reviewed. The effect of Reynolds number and aspect ratio on the design of fixed-wing aircraft and its flight performance is described. Flight range at low Reynolds number. The characteristics of the airfoil upper boundary layer are particularly critical to aircraft design. This paper discusses a number of experiments on the laminar boundary layer, including the effects of laminar-bubble separation, and as examples, several small low altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) at this range of flight Reynolds numbers are cited. In addition, a brief description of the theoretical model of the flutter propulsion is given. The scope of the model covers the early quasi-stationary flow model, and later models of unsteady wake, flow separation and aeroelasticity. The article also describes those experiments that complement each other and ultimately lead to the successful design of flapping-wing machines.