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中学文言教材中,用作指代性副词的“相”字,因语言环境不同,在句中充当的成分和表示的意义,就较为复杂,不易分辨。为此有必要弄清其使用规律。首先要弄清主语中对动词谓语起施事作用的主体事物的单复数。 1、主语中若有两个主体事物作动词谓语的施事者,则“相”字表示两个主体跟动词谓语之间的种种不同关系,充当状语。例如: ①微风鼓浪,水石相搏,声如洪钟。(《石钟山记》) ②惟予之公书与张氏之吝书若不相类。
In the textbook of classical Chinese in middle schools, the “phase” word used as the referential adverb is more complex and difficult to distinguish because of the different language environment, the composition of the sentence, and the meaning of the expression. For this reason, it is necessary to clarify its use patterns. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the singular and plural of the subject matter that acts as the agent for the verb predicate in the subject. 1. If there are two subjects in the subject as agents of verb predicates, the “phase” character represents the various relations between the two subjects and the verb predicate and serves as an adverbial. For example: 1 breeze, waves and rocks, like the bell. (“Shi Zhong Shan Ji”) 2 only the official book and Zhang’s letter if not similar.