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【目的】确定中国西北干旱区黑河流域中游绿洲农田蒸散量并区分作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发,为制定合理的作物灌溉制度和提高区域水资源利用效率提供依据。【方法】本文利用中科院临泽内陆河流域研究站绿洲内部大田玉米地2009年的小气候和土壤蒸发等综合观测试验数据,运用FAO-56和ASCE推荐的两种时间步长的四种不同形式的Penman-Monteith模型估算了甘肃临泽绿洲玉米农田2009年参考蒸散量,并结合FAO-56双作物系数法估算了其实际蒸散量。【结果】4种P-M模型FAO-56-PM24h、ASCE-PM24h、FAO-56-PM0.5h及ASCE-PM0.5h和双作物系数法估算的实际蒸散量依次为672.1、766.2、991.2和805.6mm。【结论】利用涡动相关数据及小型蒸渗仪实测数据对其进行了检验,结果表明,使用FAO-56-PM24h模型估算参考作物蒸散量的参考作物蒸散-双作物系数法能够较好估算研究区的蒸散量并有效地区分农田作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发。2009年研究区域农田制种玉米的耗水量大约为671.2mm,日均蒸散量为4.1mm,其中作物蒸腾累积量为498.5mm,土壤蒸发累积量为172.7mm,分别占蒸散量的74.2%和25.8%。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to determine the farmland evapotranspiration and to distinguish between crop transpiration and soil evaporation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin in the arid region of northwestern China, providing the basis for developing a reasonable crop irrigation system and improving the efficiency of regional water resources utilization. 【Method】 In this paper, integrated observations of microclimate and soil evaporation in field maize fields in the Oasis of the Linze inland river basin of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2009 were used. Four different forms of two time steps suggested by FAO-56 and ASCE Penman-Monteith model was used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration of maize farmland in Linze oasis of Gansu Province in 2009, and the actual evapotranspiration was estimated based on the FAO-56 double-crop coefficient method. 【Result】 The estimated evapotranspiration of the four PM models FAO-56-PM24h, ASCE-PM24h, FAO-56-PM0.5h and ASCE-PM0.5h and double-crop coefficient method were 672.1,766.2,991.2 and 805.6mm . 【Conclusion】 The results of eddy correlation and small-scale lysimeter data show that the reference crop evapotranspiration-double crop coefficient method for estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration using FAO-56-PM24h model can be estimated well Evapotranspiration in the area and to effectively distinguish between cropland transpiration and soil evaporation. In 2009, the water consumption of corn in the study area was about 671.2mm and the average daily evapotranspiration was 4.1mm, of which crop transpiration accumulation was 498.5mm and soil evaporation accumulation was 172.7mm, accounting for 74.2% and 25.8% of evapotranspiration, respectively %.