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多年冻土地区的地下水系统中的冻结层上水不仅是寒区能水循环中的一个关键组成部分,而且与寒区生态环境变化关系密切,在寒区水文学和寒区陆面过程研究中具有十分重要的作用,但因其动态过程的复杂性和观测研究的诸多困难,尚缺乏对其运动规律、驱动因素与机制的系统认知.在青藏高原连续多年冻土区风火山左冒西孔曲,选择典型高寒草甸坡面,通过2年坡上和坡下不同观测孔地下水动态连续观测,分析了冻结层上水的季节动态变化及其在坡面上的空间分异规律以及活动层的冻融作用对冻结层上水动态变化的影响作用.结果表明,冻结层上水位的季节动态变化具有与活动层土壤温度和水分相似的冻融过程,活动层土壤温度控制了冻结层上水季节动态格局,深层(60 cm以下)土壤水分和不同地带地下水补给来源决定了冻结层上水水位动态变化的位相和幅度.地温与水位动态之间具有显著的Boltzmann函数关系,但在不同活动层深度与不同坡面位置,土壤温度对地下水位动态影响的阈值范围不同,坡面上冻结层上水位动态具有显著的空间变异性.地表覆盖变化和气候变暖将必然引起冻结层上水动态、地下水与河水间水力关系的变化,从而引起流域整体水文过程的改变.
Frozen-layer water in groundwater system in permafrost area is not only a key component of water cycle in cold area, but also closely related to ecological environment change in cold area. It is very significant in cold area hydrology and cold area land surface process research However, due to the complexity of dynamic process and many difficulties in observational studies, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of the laws, drivers and mechanisms of their movement.On the other hand, in the continuous permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, , The typical alpine meadow slope was selected. According to the dynamic continuous observation of groundwater in different observation holes on the slope and on the slope for 2 years, the seasonal dynamics of the water in the frozen layer and its spatial variation on the slope were analyzed. Freeze-thaw effect on the dynamic changes of water in the frozen layer.The results show that the seasonal dynamic change of the water level on the frozen layer has the same freeze-thaw process as the soil temperature and moisture in the active layer, and the soil temperature in the active layer controls the water season Dynamic patterns of soil moisture in deep layers (below 60 cm) and sources of groundwater recharge in different areas determine the phase and amplitude of the dynamic changes in water level on the frozen layer. There is a significant Boltzmann function relationship between water level dynamics. However, the threshold range of soil temperature on the dynamic influence of groundwater level is different at different depths of active layer and different slope positions. There is significant spatial variability of water level above frozen layer. Changes in surface cover and climate warming will inevitably lead to changes in the hydrodynamics of the frozen layer, the hydraulic relationship between groundwater and the river, causing changes in the overall hydrological process in the basin.