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【摘要】英语当中许多学习者们所熟悉的循规蹈矩的表达句式或结构，然而有时为了表达的需要，许多特殊结构，常常会在表达中唱主角。本文从在新视野大学英语教材的课文出发，总结了一些常见的有生命力的特殊结构。
【关键词】新视野大学英语课文特殊结构
（一）独立主格结构
The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times… (Para. 11, Unit 2, Book III) 该独立结构在此是用来补充前面的宾语“a striking increase”的信息的。
（二）省略结构
1、连词 介词短语结构
Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American—although with an exaggerated breast size—version and named it after Barbara, who was then a teenager. (Para. 5, Unit 4, Book III) 在本句中，“conj. prepositional phase”是个特殊结构，上述句子可以转换为：“Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American version although the version had an exaggerated breast size.”
同样的例子还有，When in doubt about the result of your test, call the test office. “when”之后省略掉了“you are” (“Exercise X, no.5, Unit 4, Book III) Though with a severe lack of coal, the principal was not forced to close the school.这里的介词“with”等于there was. (“Exercise X, no.3, Unit 4, Book III)
2、连词 ing分词从句
One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsively submitted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. (Para.2, Unit6, Book II)While filling out 等于while she was filling out，这样使得句子的表达更为简洁。在翻译练习中，有这样一个句子：在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。可以翻译为: He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.
（三）倒装结构
1、Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. (Para. 4, Unit1, Book II) “much less”后面跟了部分倒装的结构，以表示强调。强调了“美国人更不会在增进相互信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。”
2、He never asked this of me again, nor did he take much notice of my outburst. (Para. 13, Unit2, Book II) “nor”在句首时，后面跟部分倒装结构。此处意为：“他也没对我的大发脾气显得太在意”
3、Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. (Para. 5, Unit8, Book II) 同样是为了强调，而将本来在表语位置的“less important than ever”提到了举手，用这样的表达形式作者为“树立有意义的人生哲学已不那么重要了”而感慨。
（四）双重否定结构
It is never too late to change your mind. (Para. 21, Unit3, Book II) Gail的父亲David不同意她的婚事，所以父亲在文章的结尾，用这句话来劝说女儿。“never too …to…”结构中never和to都是否定的意味，从而构成双重否定结构，起到了很好的强调作用。父亲认为女儿“什么时候改变主意都不晚。”同样的例子在课后练习中还有：“你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。”，可以译为：You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.
（五）平行或类比结构
As his name is, so is he. 人如其名。(Title, Unit6, Book II) “as…so…”这个结构一般用来表示平行或者类比。同样的例子还有：As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。As is the father, so is the son. 有其父必有其子。（新视野读写教程第二册教师用书）
（六）强调比较级结构
What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. (Para. 11, Unit7, Book II) the more…, the more…结构，是比较级的强调结构。这样的表达具有强大的说服力，而且句子结构中，要表达的重点，非常醒目。在改例句中，作者就强烈地表达了：“人们由于心理压力在生理上变得越发激动，他们的身体就越可能因为某种心脏病而奔溃。”
这些变化多样，功能强大的特殊结构，让新视野教材的每一篇课文的句式表达更加简洁，更加有力，更加能让学生感受到，在语言学习中，语法不是死的，而是活灵活现的，有生命力的，有力度感的，从而激发学生在教材课文中领略不同局势魅力，感受语法朝气的学习兴趣，为学好语言，打好基础，做好充分准备。
参考文献
［1］郑树棠. 新视野大学英语读写教程［M］第二版第二册，和第三册, 外语教育与研究出版社2008。
［2］郑树棠. 新视野大学英语读写教程教师用书［M］第二版第二册，和第三册, 外语教育与研究出版社，2008。
［3］章振邦. 新编英语语（第三版）［M］，上海外语教育出版社，1996。
【关键词】新视野大学英语课文特殊结构
（一）独立主格结构
The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times… (Para. 11, Unit 2, Book III) 该独立结构在此是用来补充前面的宾语“a striking increase”的信息的。
（二）省略结构
1、连词 介词短语结构
Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American—although with an exaggerated breast size—version and named it after Barbara, who was then a teenager. (Para. 5, Unit 4, Book III) 在本句中，“conj. prepositional phase”是个特殊结构，上述句子可以转换为：“Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American version although the version had an exaggerated breast size.”
同样的例子还有，When in doubt about the result of your test, call the test office. “when”之后省略掉了“you are” (“Exercise X, no.5, Unit 4, Book III) Though with a severe lack of coal, the principal was not forced to close the school.这里的介词“with”等于there was. (“Exercise X, no.3, Unit 4, Book III)
2、连词 ing分词从句
One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsively submitted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. (Para.2, Unit6, Book II)While filling out 等于while she was filling out，这样使得句子的表达更为简洁。在翻译练习中，有这样一个句子：在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。可以翻译为: He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.
（三）倒装结构
1、Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. (Para. 4, Unit1, Book II) “much less”后面跟了部分倒装的结构，以表示强调。强调了“美国人更不会在增进相互信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。”
2、He never asked this of me again, nor did he take much notice of my outburst. (Para. 13, Unit2, Book II) “nor”在句首时，后面跟部分倒装结构。此处意为：“他也没对我的大发脾气显得太在意”
3、Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. (Para. 5, Unit8, Book II) 同样是为了强调，而将本来在表语位置的“less important than ever”提到了举手，用这样的表达形式作者为“树立有意义的人生哲学已不那么重要了”而感慨。
（四）双重否定结构
It is never too late to change your mind. (Para. 21, Unit3, Book II) Gail的父亲David不同意她的婚事，所以父亲在文章的结尾，用这句话来劝说女儿。“never too …to…”结构中never和to都是否定的意味，从而构成双重否定结构，起到了很好的强调作用。父亲认为女儿“什么时候改变主意都不晚。”同样的例子在课后练习中还有：“你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。”，可以译为：You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.
（五）平行或类比结构
As his name is, so is he. 人如其名。(Title, Unit6, Book II) “as…so…”这个结构一般用来表示平行或者类比。同样的例子还有：As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。As is the father, so is the son. 有其父必有其子。（新视野读写教程第二册教师用书）
（六）强调比较级结构
What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. (Para. 11, Unit7, Book II) the more…, the more…结构，是比较级的强调结构。这样的表达具有强大的说服力，而且句子结构中，要表达的重点，非常醒目。在改例句中，作者就强烈地表达了：“人们由于心理压力在生理上变得越发激动，他们的身体就越可能因为某种心脏病而奔溃。”
这些变化多样，功能强大的特殊结构，让新视野教材的每一篇课文的句式表达更加简洁，更加有力，更加能让学生感受到，在语言学习中，语法不是死的，而是活灵活现的，有生命力的，有力度感的，从而激发学生在教材课文中领略不同局势魅力，感受语法朝气的学习兴趣，为学好语言，打好基础，做好充分准备。
参考文献
［1］郑树棠. 新视野大学英语读写教程［M］第二版第二册，和第三册, 外语教育与研究出版社2008。
［2］郑树棠. 新视野大学英语读写教程教师用书［M］第二版第二册，和第三册, 外语教育与研究出版社，2008。
［3］章振邦. 新编英语语（第三版）［M］，上海外语教育出版社，1996。