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Apoptin is a chicken anemia virus-derived,p53-independent,bcl-2-insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis of various human tumor cells,but not of normal diploid cells.To explore the application of apoptin in tumor gene therapy,we used a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing apoptin protein (vFV-Apoptin) to investigate the anti-tumor effectes of vFV-Apoptin on human cervical carcinoma(HeLa) cells in vivo and in vitro through 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay,acridine orage/ethidium bromide(AO/EB) and annexin V staining test,respectively.The results show that vFV-Apoptin inhibites the proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro through inducing the apoptosis of HeLa cells,and the inhibition effect of vFV-Apoptin has a dose-effect and time-effect relationship.The results of animal models show that vFV-Apoptin significantly inhibits tumor growth,extends the lifespan of animals and improves the mean survival.Experimental results indicate that vFV-Apoptin has a potential application in the tumor gene therapy.