1.前言每年由于磨损和腐蚀造成的经济损失总计达几十亿马克之多。这种损失不仅是费用问题,而且浪费了大量的当前在国民经济中存在严重困难的原料和能。因此,寻求改善耐磨损性和抗腐蚀性的一切可能的办法就显得十分重要了。必须指出,如果运用现有的减小磨损的知识,那么,据估计,有可能大幅度地降低由于磨损造成的损失。为提高钢铁材料的耐磨性,主要有以下 1. Introduction Every year, economic losses due to wear and corrosion amount to billions of marks. This loss is not only a matter of cost, but also wastes a large amount of raw materials and energy that currently have serious difficulties in the national economy. Therefore, it is important to seek all possible solutions to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It must be pointed out that if the existing knowledge of wear reduction is applied, it is estimated that it is possible to drastically reduce the loss due to wear. To improve the wear resistance of steel materials, mainly in the following