明治维新和“二战”结束是日本国语政策变化的两个关节点。明治维新时期,日本确立了旨在规范全国方言的“标准语”地位,“二战”以后,力图沟通方言之间交际的“共通语”得到了日本社会的广泛认同。本文拟从国家政治、经济发展、文化认同等角度探究日本国语政策嬗变及其背后的原因,为我国语言政策的制定提供借鉴。 Meiji Restoration and the End of World War II are two key junctures of the change of Japanese national policy. In the period of the Meiji Restoration, Japan established its “common language”, which aims at regulating the “standard language” status of dialects in the country and “World War II” in trying to communicate the dialects. It has been widely recognized by Japanese society. This article intends to explore the evolution of the Japanese language policy and the reasons behind it from the perspectives of national politics, economic development and cultural identity, so as to provide reference for the formulation of China’s language policy.