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基础工程分为土石方工程和深基础工程。一般土木工程中的建筑物、道路等多采用天然浅基础,它造价低,施工简便。如果天然浅土层软弱,可采用机械压实、强夯、深层搅拌、堆载预压、砂桩挤密、化学加固等方法进行人工加固,形成人工地基浅基础。对于高大建筑物、桥墩、码头等上部荷载很大的情况,无法采用浅基础时,则需要经过技术经济比较后采用深基础。笔者根据自身的实践经验就建筑工程的基础土石方工程和深基础工程施工进行了简单概括性的阐述,不足之处还望行业同仁多多指导。
The basic engineering is divided into earthwork and deep foundation engineering. In general civil engineering, buildings, roads, etc. are mostly made of natural shallow foundations, and their construction cost is low and the construction is simple. If the natural shallow soil layer is weak, it can be artificially reinforced by means of mechanical compaction, dynamic compaction, deep mixing, preloading with surcharge, sand pile compaction and chemical reinforcement to form a shallow foundation of artificial foundation. In the case of large loads such as tall buildings, bridge piers, and wharves, where the shallow foundation cannot be used, the deep foundation must be adopted after technical and economic comparison. Based on my own practical experience, the author gave a brief summary of the foundation earthworks and deep foundation engineering construction of the construction project. The inadequacies also expect a lot of guidance from the industry colleagues.