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理性是经济学中最重要的基本假设之一,它是现代西方经济理论的基础和论证的出发点。本文从经济思想史的角度,追溯前古典时代理性概念的思想渊源,回顾古典时代理性概念的产生过程,梳理新古典时代理性概念的发展脉络,考察现代经济学中理性概念的最新现状。通过全面回顾理性概念的发展和演变过程,本文总结这一概念发展各阶段的不同内涵,揭示其不断自我完善的过程,并从三个方面分析了理性概念遭受的批判与挑战,客观地评价了理性概念的不同界定方式各自的优缺点,更深层次地探讨了理性概念对于经济理论的重要意义,指出了由于其过分抽象而带来的严重弊端。
Rationality is one of the most important basic assumptions in economics. It is the starting point for the foundations and arguments of modern Western economic theory. This essay, from the perspective of economic thought history, traced the ideological origin of the rational concept in the pre-classical era, reviewed the generation process of the rational concept in the classical era, combed the developing context of the rational concept in the neoclassical era, and examined the latest status of the rational concept in modern economics. Through a comprehensive review of the development and evolution of the concept of rationality, this paper summarizes the different connotations of the various stages of the development of the concept, reveals its continuous self-improvement process, and analyzes the criticisms and challenges the rational concept suffers from three aspects and objectively evaluates The advantages and disadvantages of the different definitions of the rational concept, the deeper significance of the rational concept to the economic theory, and the serious drawbacks caused by its excessive abstraction.