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目的探讨三聚氰胺单独及与三聚氰酸联合染毒致大鼠的肾毒性。方法将初断乳清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠36只按体重随机分为3组,分别为三聚氰胺(25mg/kg)+三聚氰酸(25mg/kg)染毒组、三聚氰胺(25mg/kg)染毒组和对照组,每组12只。采用饲料掺入法进行染毒,连续染毒4周。染毒后,处死动物,取血清测定肌酐、尿素氮、甘油三酯,取肾脏称重并计算脏器系数,观察肾脏的形态学和组织病理学变化。采用X射线衍射仪对肾脏中的晶体进行定性,采用液相色谱-质谱联用法测定三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸的含量。结果两染毒组大鼠均出现食欲减低,多尿,少动,体重下降(P<0.01),肾脏系数升高(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,三聚氰胺染毒组以及三聚氰胺+三聚氰酸染毒组血清中尿素氮、肌酐和甘油三酯含量均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肉眼观察可见,三聚氰胺+三聚氰酸染毒组和三聚氰胺染毒组肾脏肿胀明显,体积增大,呈土黄色沙石样外观;组织病理学检查可见,肾小管中存在大量晶体,肾小管上皮受损。X射线衍射法确认肾脏中含有三聚氰胺-三聚氰酸晶体。三聚氰胺+三聚氰酸染毒组和三聚氰胺染毒组肾组织中三聚氰胺、三聚氰酸含量间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单独给予一定量的三聚氰胺及同时给予三聚氰酸均可在大鼠肾脏形成晶体,造成不同程度的肾小管继发性损伤,并最终导致肾功能衰竭,三聚氰胺+三聚氰酸染毒组肾功能和组织病理学改变更为严重。
Objective To investigate the nephrotoxicity induced by melamine in combination with cyanuric acid alone and in rats. Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats of primary cleanser grade were randomly divided into three groups according to body weight: 25mg / kg melamine (25mg / kg), 25mg / kg melamine (25mg / kg) Toxic and control groups, 12 in each group. Adopt the method of feed incorporation to carry on the poison, continue the poisoning for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed after exposure to the virus, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and triglyceride were taken for measurement of kidney weight and organ coefficient. The morphological and histopathological changes of the kidney were observed. The crystal in kidney was characterized by X-ray diffractometer. The contents of melamine and cyanuric acid were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Both rats in the two groups had decreased appetite, polyuria, sedentary movement, weight loss (P <0.01), and increased renal coefficient (P <0.01). Compared with the control group, the levels of serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and triglyceride in melamine and melamine + cyanuric groups were significantly increased (P <0.01). Macroscopically, melamine + cyanuric acid group and melamine group significantly swelling of the kidneys, the volume increased, showing a yellow sand-like appearance; histopathological examination shows that there are a large number of renal tubules, tubular epithelium Damaged. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the kidney contains melamine - cyanuric acid crystals. Melamine + cyanuric acid group and melamine group renal melamine, cyanuric acid content comparison, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusions Both melamine and cyanuric acid given alone can form crystals in rat kidneys, causing secondary renal tubular injury in varying degrees and ultimately lead to renal failure. Melamine + cyanuric acid exposure group Renal function and histopathology change more severely.