地球科学研究甲的一个重要问题,就是可以观测的地下深度太浅了.当代最深的钻孔也不到12公里,比起地球的半径(6371公里)是非常之浅的.因此,要了解更深处地球的情况,主要有两种方法。一种是借助于间接的方法,也叫做反演方法,例如地震波方法,即利用在地球表面上的地震波观测资料,反演地球内部的情况。从这个意义上可以说,地震仿佛是一盏灯,发震时照亮了地球内部结构。另一种是实验的方法,研究组成地球的岩石与矿物在地球环境下的力学性质和可能 An important issue for Earth Science Research A is that the underground depth that can be observed is too shallow. Today’s deepest borehole is also less than 12 kilometers, which is very shallow compared to the radius of the earth (6371 kilometers). Therefore, to understand more deeply There are two main ways to deal with the situation on the earth. One is the use of indirect methods, also called inversion methods, such as the seismic wave method, which uses the seismic wave observations on the surface of the Earth to invert the interior of the Earth. In this sense, it can be said that the earthquake seemed to be a lamp that illuminated the internal structure of the earth when it struck. The other is an experimental method to study the mechanical properties and possible causes of the earth’s rocks and minerals in the global environment.