测定了４１例急、慢性白血病（ＡＬ、ＣＬ）和２７例骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）患者血清唾液酸（ＳＡ）水平并与慢性再生障碍性贫血（ＣＡＡ）患者及健康对照组进行比较，发现急、慢性白血病患者较ＣＡＡ患者及正常人显著增高，阳性率分别为８３．８％、６０％、１４．３％、０％。急性白血病又明显高于慢性白血病并与病情变化有关，经治疗完全缓解（ＣＲ）者血清ＳＡ水平明显降低，ＣＲ后血清ＳＡ水平与维持缓解时间有相关性。ＭＤＳ患者血清ＳＡ明显高于正常人而低于急性白血病，ＭＤＳ及其亚型ＲＡ＋ＲＡＳ组、ＲＡＥＢ＋ＲＡＥＢ－ｔ＋ＣＭＭＬ组的阳性率分别为３３．３％、２０．０％、５０．０％，以上结果显示，血清ＳＡ明显升高可能与疾病发生发展有关。血清ＳＡ的检测对疾病早期诊断、病情变化观察、疗效反映及预后判断均具有重要的临床价值。 Serum sialic acid (SA) levels were measured in 41 patients with acute and chronic leukemia (AL, CL) and 27 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and compared with patients with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) and healthy controls, Found that acute and chronic leukemia patients compared with CAA patients and normal significantly increased, the positive rates were 83.8%, 60%, 14.3%, 0%. Acute leukemia was significantly higher than chronic leukemia and changes in the disease, after treatment of complete remission (CR) serum SA levels were significantly lower after CR serum SA levels and maintenance of remission have a correlation. The serum SA of patients with MDS was significantly higher than that of normal individuals and lower than that of acute leukemias. The positive rates of MDS and RA + RAS were 33.3%, 20.0% and 50.0% respectively in RAEB + RAEB-t + CMML group Serum SA significantly increased may be related to the occurrence and development of the disease. The detection of serum SA has important clinical value in the early diagnosis of the disease, the observation of the change of the disease, the reflection of the therapeutic effect and the prognosis.