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脊髓圆锥发育异常是由胎儿神经管发育异常造成的,可导致脊髓圆锥末端上行受阻且被栓系在椎管内而引起脊髓栓系综合征。文章综述了脊髓与脊柱的胚胎发育学及相关病理改变、超声对于扫查胎儿脊髓圆锥的优势、超声定位脊髓圆锥末端方法的研究进展(椎体定位法、肾上极定位法、测距法、三维超声定位法)、对比三维超声与二维超声应用于扫查胎儿脊髓圆锥的优势、超声检查胎儿脊髓圆锥位置与孕周的关系,提出应用超声准确定位胎儿脊髓圆锥末端的正常位置,明确中枢神经系统异常胎儿的脊髓圆锥差异规律,对发现脊髓先天性疾病、实行早诊断早治疗、避免严重神经系统畸形胎儿出生具有重要的临床意义。
Spinal condyloma dysplasia is caused by fetal neural tube dysplasia, can lead to spinal cord condyle distal blocked and tethered spinal canal in the tethered syndrome. This article reviews the embryonic development and related pathological changes of the spinal cord and spine, the advantages of ultrasound in scanning the conus of fetal spinal cord, the research progress of ultrasound in the conization of spinal cones (vertebral body localization method, upper kidney localization method, distance measuring method, Three-dimensional ultrasound localization method), comparing the advantages of three-dimensional ultrasound and two-dimensional ultrasound in scanning the fetal spinal conus, and examining the relationship between fetal conus position and gestational age by ultrasound and applying ultrasound to accurately locate the normal position of the fetal spinal cone tip, Neurological abnormalities in the spinal cord conus fetal differences, the discovery of congenital spinal cord disease, the implementation of early diagnosis and early treatment, to avoid serious nervous system malformation fetus has important clinical significance.