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香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。
Bananas are important food crops and carbohydrate sources in tropical and subtropical developing countries. However, banana production has been hit hardest by pests and diseases in recent years. Most banana cultivars are triploid, long-lived and infertile. Because there is no seed, breeding and breeding bring some difficulties. The development of genetic transformation technology provides an effective means for the improvement of banana varieties. Banana genetic transformation methods are electroporation, gene gun method, Agrobacterium-mediated method. Agrobacterium-mediated method is a major breakthrough in the improvement of banana varieties. Banana genetic transformation of the explants also developed to a variety of protoplasts, embryogenic cell suspension system, meristematic tissue, and transverse slices. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, there has been a transformation efficiency of banana genetic transformation technology with better repeatability. Such as Agrobacterium and gene gun combination method, centrifugal assisted Agrobacterium-mediated method, vacuum infiltration technology. The emergence of these new technologies and new methods will surely promote the rapid development of the banana industry.