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在管理思想和理论发展的历史上,美国早期铁路企业的管理实践占有极其重要的地位,因而也被称为“管理运动”。十九世纪中叶以后,现代公司制度在美国确立,企业的规模、数量不断扩大,管理人员碰到了许多以前没有遇到过的问题,于是研究新的管理理论、规则和方法就形成一个社会性潮流,直接导致现代管理理论的出现。因此,“管理运动”是现代管理的前奏,是古代管理走向现代管理的标志。要介绍百多年来现代管理的历史,不能不从美国的“管理运动”开始。
In the history of the development of management thought and theory, the management practices of the early American railway corporations played an extremely important role and were therefore called the “management movement.” Since the middle of the nineteenth century, the modern company system has been established in the United States. As the size and number of enterprises continue to expand, managers have encountered many problems that have not been encountered before. Therefore, the study of new management theories, rules and methods has formed a social trend , A direct result of the emergence of modern management theory. Therefore, “management movement” is a prelude to modern management and a symbol of the transition from ancient management to modern management. To introduce the history of modern management over a hundred years can not but begin with the “management movement” in the United States.