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一、前言潜水蒸发是浅层地下水资源评价中的主要参数,特别在潜水埋深浅的平原地区对水资源评价就更为重要。因此,国内外学者进行了大量研究,提出各类计算潜水蒸发的经验公式。这些公式虽能拟合已有的实测资料,但外延和移用都存在不少问题。特别是大多数经验公式把潜水蒸发系数(潜水蒸发量与水面蒸发量之比值)仅与埋深单一相关联系起来是不符合实际情况的,有必要进一步研究和改进。我们通过室内潜水蒸发物理过程的模拟试验提高了对潜水蒸发物理过程的认识,并对现有公式进行评价。同时探讨用土壤水动力学的途径,改进现有潜水稳定蒸发的经验公式,为无资料地区提供潜水蒸发的计算方法。
I. Introduction Submersion evaporation is the main parameter in the evaluation of shallow groundwater resources. It is even more important to assess the water resources especially in the shallow depths of the diving. Therefore, scholars at home and abroad have carried out a large number of studies and put forward various empirical formulas for calculating diving evaporation. Although these formulas can fit the existing measured data, there are many problems of extension and transfer. In particular, most empirical formulas are not relevant to the fact that the submersible evaporation coefficient (the ratio of submersible evaporation to water evaporation) is only related to the single buried depth. Therefore, further research and improvement are needed. Through the simulation experiments of physical process of indoor submersible evaporation, we improved the understanding of the physical process of submersible evaporation and evaluated the existing formulas. At the same time, we discussed the ways of using soil hydrodynamics to improve the experiential formula of the existing submersible steady evaporation and provide the calculation method of the submersion evaporation for the no-material area.