一、期望理论的涵义期望理论是美国心理学家费鲁姆提出的一种研究人们需要和目标之间规律的过程型激励理论。费鲁姆认为:一种激励因素的作用大小取决于两个方面:一是人对激励因素所能实现的可能性大小的期望;二是激励因素对个人的效价大小。所谓效价,是指个人对某项目标实现后,对其本人带来的利益 I. The meaning of expectation theory The expectation theory is a process-based incentive theory proposed by American psychologist Ferum, which studies the law between people’s needs and goals. According to Ferum, the effect of an incentive factor depends on two aspects: one is the expectation of the possibility that the incentive factor can be realized, and the other is the valence of the incentive factor on the individual. The so-called potency refers to the benefit that an individual brings to a person after achieving a certain goal.