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1994年度诺贝尔经济学奖的奖金总额为95万美元,这笔奖金分别奖给三名教授,即:美国伯克利加利福尼亚大学的约翰·豪尔绍尼和普林斯顿大学的约翰·纳什,以及德国波恩大学的赖因哈德·泽尔滕。 诺贝尔奖委员会说,这三位教授分别通过研究策略运筹论推动了经济学的发展。所谓策略运筹论,又称博弈论、对策论,是西方现代经济学和政治学、国际关系学等学科的一个重要经济学术语,如零和游戏、双赢、空洞的威胁等,均源于博弈论。这一理论,涉及用数学公式表达棋、纸牌类选手下棋和出牌的技巧。在这类游戏比赛中,选手们要尽自己最大的努力取胜,同时又要考虑对手怎样下棋或出牌。
The 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics, with a total prize of 950,000 U.S. dollars, was awarded to three professors, namely John Howrshaney of the University of California, Berkeley, John Nash of Princeton University, and University of Bonn, Germany Rehinder Zelten. Nobel Prize Committee said that these three professors respectively promoted the development of economics by studying strategic operation theory. The so-called strategic operation theory, also known as game theory, game theory, is an important economic term in Western modern economics and political science, international relations and other disciplines, such as zero-sum games, win-win, empty threats, etc., are derived from the game s. This theory involves the skill of using mathematics to formulate chess, card players playing chess and playing cards. In this type of game, the players try their best to win, but also consider how the opponent plays chess or card.