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安南自秦汉时期就纳入中国版图,秦朝时设立南海、桂林、象郡,汉朝时设立交趾、九真、日南三郡,唐朝时设立安南都护府,中国直接统治越南时间长达千年之久,史称越南北属时期。中国五代时期因藩镇割据和军阀混战,汉族封建王朝对越南的控制力逐渐减弱,安南走上了独立发展的道路,但与中原王朝保持着长期的联系。但1406年,明成祖朱棣对安南用兵,俘虏安南国王,并设立了交趾布政司直接统治安南。1407-1427年,因明王朝施行的政治、军事、经济系列措施的失误,激起安南民众不断反抗直至明宣宗被迫放弃安南,恢复长期以来的宗藩关系。本文试单从明朝政治统治这一角度来剖析,越南独立的原因。
Annan was included in the territory of China since the Qin and Han dynasties. In the Qin Dynasty, the establishment of the Cochin, Jiuzhen, Japan and South Korea was established in the South China Sea, Guilin, Xiangjun and Han dynasties. Annan capital was established during the Tang Dynasty. China directly ruled Vietnam for as long as a thousand years, History of the Northern Dynasties in Vietnam. During the Five Dynasties and the Five Dynasties, due to the separatism of warlords and the warlords, the Han feudal dynasty gradually weakened its control over Vietnam. Annan embarked on the path of independent development, but maintained a long-term relationship with the Central Plains dynasty. However, in 1406, Ming Chengzu and Zhu Di army deployed Annan and captured King Annan and set up Cochin Chief Secretary to rule Annan. In 1407-1427, due to mistakes in the series of political, military and economic measures implemented by the Ming Dynasty, the people of Annan continued to protest until Ming Emperor Xuanzong was forced to abandon Annan and restore the long-standing vassal relationship. This article tries to analyze the reasons for the independence of Vietnam from the perspective of Ming dynasty’s political rule.