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利用光纤计测的物理量有很多种,包括电流、磁场、电压、电场、温度、流速、角速度、振动、压力、音响、放射线、图象等许多方面。光纤具有重量轻、电绝缘性能好、传输信息容量大等特征,光纤计测主要是有效地利用这些特征。利用光纤的传感器有两种方式:一种是用光纤本身做成的传感器;另一种是在光纤端面上附加传感器。前者引人注目的是利用光纤中的相位信息的角速度检测、压力和音响传感器等。后者提出了各种各样的传感器方案。在本文后半部分将较详细地介绍进入实用化阶段的,在高电压下使用的电流、磁场、电压和电场传感器。
There are many physical quantities measured by optical fiber, including current, magnetic field, voltage, electric field, temperature, velocity, angular velocity, vibration, pressure, sound, radiation, images and many more. Optical fiber with light weight, good electrical insulation, transmission of information capacity and other characteristics of the optical fiber measurement is mainly effective use of these features. There are two ways to use fiber optic sensors: one is a fiber-optic sensor; the other is to attach a fiber-optic sensor. The former is the focus of the use of optical phase information in the angular velocity detection, pressure and sound sensors. The latter proposes a variety of sensor schemes. In the second half of this article, current, magnetic, voltage, and electric field sensors used in high voltage will be introduced in more detail.