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众所周知,有关固体材料热膨胀特性的计算已有一套成熟的方法,足以有效地防止机械结构因受热而产生过大的内应力及变形。但是,目前常将上述计算方法应用于低温场合,造成计算值不准确,以致引起过大的低温机械变形、低温密封失效、低温计量仪表计量不准和无法进行过盈配合冷装配等问题。本文介绍低温下材料热膨胀计算的新方法及应用计算实例。
It is well known that there is a mature method for calculating the thermal expansion characteristics of solid materials, which can effectively prevent the mechanical structure from generating excessive internal stress and deformation due to heat. However, at present, the above calculation method is often applied to low-temperature situations, resulting in inaccurate calculation values, causing excessive mechanical deformation at low temperatures, failure of low-temperature sealing, inaccurate measurement of low-temperature gauges and failure of interference fit and cold assembly. This paper introduces a new method of calculation of thermal expansion at low temperature and an example of its application.