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采用压片法对健蒜(Allium robustum)、多籽蒜(A.fetisowii)和新疆蒜(A.roborowskianum)3种5居群进行核型分析,结果表明,多籽蒜染色体数为2n=2x=20和2n=3x=30,核型分类为2B类;健蒜和新疆蒜染色体数均为2n=2x=16,核型分类均为2A类。多籽蒜中裕民—塔城居群的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=20=12m+7sm+1st,裕民居群二倍体和三倍体核型公式分别为K(2n)=2x=20=12m+6sm+2st和K(2n)=3x=30=18m+6sm+6st。新疆蒜2个居群的核型公式都为K(2n)=2x=16=12m+4sm。健蒜的核型公式为K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm。健蒜的1条m染色体和新疆蒜奇台居群的1条sm染色体的短臂上有随体出现。不同种类的染色体相对长度组成存在差异,多籽蒜含L、M2、M1和S染色体,新疆蒜缺失L和S染色体,健蒜缺失L染色体。多籽蒜种内存在倍性分化,首次发现三倍体。
The karyotypes of three populations of Allium robustum, A.fetisowii and A.roborowskianum were determined by the tabletting method. The results showed that the chromosome number of the seeds was 2n = 2x = 20 and 2n = 3x = 30, the karyotype was 2B, the number of garlic and Xinjiang garlic were 2n = 2x = 16, and the karyotypes were all 2A. The karyotype formula of population of Yumin-Tacheng population in multi-seeded garlic was K (2n) = 2x = 20 = 12m + 7sm + 1st. The diploid and triploid karyotypes of the population were K (2n) = 2x = 20 = 12m + 6sm + 2st and K (2n) = 3x = 30 = 18m + 6sm + 6st. The karyotype formulas of two populations of Xinjiang garlic are K (2n) = 2x = 16 = 12m + 4sm. Kin garlic karyotype formula K (2n) = 2x = 16 = 14m +2sm. One piece of m-chromosome of garlic and one piece of sm-chromosome on the short arm of the cluster of garlic-Qitai in Xinjiang appeared accompanying with the body. There are differences in the relative length of different types of chromosomes, the seeds contain L, M2, M1 and S chromosomes, Xinjiang garlic missing L and S chromosomes, garlic missing L chromosome. Multi-seed garlic ploidy differentiation within the first discovery triploid.