随着器官移植技术和免疫抑制疗法的进展,肾移植的数量不断增加。越来越多的肾移植患者可以长期带肾存活,极大地改善了肾衰患者的生存质量,使肾移植成为治疗终未期肾脏疾病(end-stagerenal disease,ESRD)的有效措施之一。但肾移植患者在长期接受免疫抑制治疗的同时,也引发了广泛 With the advances in organ transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy, the number of kidney transplants is on the rise. More and more kidney transplant patients can live with their kidneys for a long time, which greatly improves the quality of life in patients with renal failure and renders renal transplantation an effective measure for the treatment of end-stagerenal disease (ESRD). However, renal transplant patients in the long-term immunosuppressive therapy, but also triggered a wide range