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doing短语在句中作状语时，句子的主语与doing是主动关系，与谓语动作几乎同时发生。
一、表示时间。可还原为含主动语态的时间状语从句。例：
1．Crossing theroad,the old man wasknocked over by a car.
When he wascrossing the road, theold man was knockedover by a car.
2．Having fin-ished the homework,he went for a walk.
After he hadfinished the homework,he went for awalk.
说明：如果动作先于谓语动作发生，则用完成式：having done。
二、表示条件。可还原为含主动语态的条件状语从句。例：
1．Working hard,you will be able topass the exam
If you workhard, you will be ableto pass the exam.
Work hard and you will be able topass the exam.
2．Turning left, you will find the school.
If you turn left, you will find theschool.
Turn left and you will find the school.
3．Once starting reading the book, youwill surely love it.
Once you start reading the book, youwill surely love it.
三、表示让步，可还原为含主动语态的让步状语从句。例：
Working hard, she failed the final ex-ams.
Although she worked hard, shefailed the final exams.
注意：当doing形式表示时间、条件或让步意义时，可以跟在after/before/since/when/while/whenever/once/until/on/although等词之后，使意义更加明确。
四、表示原因，可还原为含主动语态或系表结构的原因状语从句。例：
1．Not knowing English, he couldn'tunderstand the movie.
Because he didn't know English, hecouldn't understand the movie.
2．Being ill, she had to stay at h~me in-stead of going to school.
As she was ill, she had to stay at homeinstead of going to school.
3．Being students, we should study hard.
As we are students, we should studyhard.
五、表示结果，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句，此时，which的意思是“这一点”或相当于and引导的并列句。例：
1．His parents died, leaving him alonein the world.
His parents died, which left him a-lone in the world.
2．It snowed heavily, causing traffic prob-lems.
It snowed heavily, which caused trafficproblems.
3．The bomb exploded on the train, killingabout 150 passengers.
The bomb exploded on the train andkilled about 150 passengers.
六、表示伴随状况或方式，相当于并列句，doing是与谓语动作同时发生的一个动作。例：
1．They went home, talking about theirschool life all the way.
They went home and talked abouttheir school life all the way.
2．Six children sat at the gate, beggingfor money.
Six children sat at the gate and beggedfor money.
3．Farmers can make good money grow-ing crops.
Farmers can make good money bygrowing crops.
4．Agricultural scientists grow vegeta-bles in gardens, using the latest teehnolo-gies.
Agricultural scientists grow vegeta-bles in gardens hy using the latest technolo-gies.
七、有些doing短語已经当成固定的插入语使用。常见的有：
generally/frankly/roughly speaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说)
considering...(鉴于/考虑到……)
judging by/from...(从……来看，依据……来判断)
supposing/suppose that...(假定……)
providing that...(假定……)
according tn...(依据……)
including...(包括……)
owing to...(由于……)
talking/speaking of...(谈及……)
注意：
1．doing的执行者是句子的主语，doing与谓语动作几乎同时发生。
2．doing的否定是在doing前加not；完成式是having done，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，其否定是在having done之前加not。 3．doing短語相当于状语从句，不需也不能用but,and,so等连词引导。
[巩固练习]
1．____the letter, he went out to post
it.
A．Writing B．Being written
C．Having written D．Written
2．____anything about the accident, he
went to work as usual.
A．Not known B．Known not
C．Knowing not D．Not knowing
3．The secretary worked late into the night,____a long speech for the president.
A．to prepare B．preparing
C．prepared D．was preparing
4．____a reply, he decided to write a-gain
A．Not receiving
B．Receiving not
C．Not having received
D．Having not received
5．“Can't you read?” Mary said angrily,____to the notice.
A．pointing B.and point
C．and pointing D．pointed
6．The visiting Minister expressed his satis-faction with the talks,____that hehad enjoyed his stay here.
A．having added B．to add
C．adding D．added
7．____such heavy pollution already, itmay now be too late to clean up the river.
A．Suffering B．To suffer
C．Having suffered D．Suffered
8．"We can't go out in this weather," saidBob,____out of the window.
A．looking B．to look
C．looked D．looks
9．Alice returned from the manager's office,____me that the boss wanted to seeme at once.
A．having told B．tells
C．to tell D．telling
10．____the programme, they have tostay there for another two weeks.
A．Not completing
B．Not completed
C．Not having completed
D．Having not completed
11．She asked me to help her,____thatshe couldn't move the heavy suitcase a-lone.
A．only to realize B．realizing
C．having been realized D．realized
12．He sent me an e-mail,____to getfurther information.
A．hoped B．hoping
C．to hope D．hope
13．____from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medi-cine with him wherever he goes.
A．Suffered B．Suffering
C．Having suffered D．Being suffered
14．Suddenly, a tall man driving a goldencarriage____the girl and took her a-way,____into the woods.
A．seizing; disappeared
B．seized; disappeared
C．seizing; disappearing
D．seized; disappearing
15．____in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had lefthis wallet at home.
A．To wait B．Have waited
C．Having waited D．To have waited
Keys: 1—5 CDBCA 6—10 CCADC 11—15 BBCDC
一、表示时间。可还原为含主动语态的时间状语从句。例：
1．Crossing theroad,the old man wasknocked over by a car.
When he wascrossing the road, theold man was knockedover by a car.
2．Having fin-ished the homework,he went for a walk.
After he hadfinished the homework,he went for awalk.
说明：如果动作先于谓语动作发生，则用完成式：having done。
二、表示条件。可还原为含主动语态的条件状语从句。例：
1．Working hard,you will be able topass the exam
If you workhard, you will be ableto pass the exam.
Work hard and you will be able topass the exam.
2．Turning left, you will find the school.
If you turn left, you will find theschool.
Turn left and you will find the school.
3．Once starting reading the book, youwill surely love it.
Once you start reading the book, youwill surely love it.
三、表示让步，可还原为含主动语态的让步状语从句。例：
Working hard, she failed the final ex-ams.
Although she worked hard, shefailed the final exams.
注意：当doing形式表示时间、条件或让步意义时，可以跟在after/before/since/when/while/whenever/once/until/on/although等词之后，使意义更加明确。
四、表示原因，可还原为含主动语态或系表结构的原因状语从句。例：
1．Not knowing English, he couldn'tunderstand the movie.
Because he didn't know English, hecouldn't understand the movie.
2．Being ill, she had to stay at h~me in-stead of going to school.
As she was ill, she had to stay at homeinstead of going to school.
3．Being students, we should study hard.
As we are students, we should studyhard.
五、表示结果，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句，此时，which的意思是“这一点”或相当于and引导的并列句。例：
1．His parents died, leaving him alonein the world.
His parents died, which left him a-lone in the world.
2．It snowed heavily, causing traffic prob-lems.
It snowed heavily, which caused trafficproblems.
3．The bomb exploded on the train, killingabout 150 passengers.
The bomb exploded on the train andkilled about 150 passengers.
六、表示伴随状况或方式，相当于并列句，doing是与谓语动作同时发生的一个动作。例：
1．They went home, talking about theirschool life all the way.
They went home and talked abouttheir school life all the way.
2．Six children sat at the gate, beggingfor money.
Six children sat at the gate and beggedfor money.
3．Farmers can make good money grow-ing crops.
Farmers can make good money bygrowing crops.
4．Agricultural scientists grow vegeta-bles in gardens, using the latest teehnolo-gies.
Agricultural scientists grow vegeta-bles in gardens hy using the latest technolo-gies.
七、有些doing短語已经当成固定的插入语使用。常见的有：
generally/frankly/roughly speaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说)
considering...(鉴于/考虑到……)
judging by/from...(从……来看，依据……来判断)
supposing/suppose that...(假定……)
providing that...(假定……)
according tn...(依据……)
including...(包括……)
owing to...(由于……)
talking/speaking of...(谈及……)
注意：
1．doing的执行者是句子的主语，doing与谓语动作几乎同时发生。
2．doing的否定是在doing前加not；完成式是having done，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，其否定是在having done之前加not。 3．doing短語相当于状语从句，不需也不能用but,and,so等连词引导。
[巩固练习]
1．____the letter, he went out to post
it.
A．Writing B．Being written
C．Having written D．Written
2．____anything about the accident, he
went to work as usual.
A．Not known B．Known not
C．Knowing not D．Not knowing
3．The secretary worked late into the night,____a long speech for the president.
A．to prepare B．preparing
C．prepared D．was preparing
4．____a reply, he decided to write a-gain
A．Not receiving
B．Receiving not
C．Not having received
D．Having not received
5．“Can't you read?” Mary said angrily,____to the notice.
A．pointing B.and point
C．and pointing D．pointed
6．The visiting Minister expressed his satis-faction with the talks,____that hehad enjoyed his stay here.
A．having added B．to add
C．adding D．added
7．____such heavy pollution already, itmay now be too late to clean up the river.
A．Suffering B．To suffer
C．Having suffered D．Suffered
8．"We can't go out in this weather," saidBob,____out of the window.
A．looking B．to look
C．looked D．looks
9．Alice returned from the manager's office,____me that the boss wanted to seeme at once.
A．having told B．tells
C．to tell D．telling
10．____the programme, they have tostay there for another two weeks.
A．Not completing
B．Not completed
C．Not having completed
D．Having not completed
11．She asked me to help her,____thatshe couldn't move the heavy suitcase a-lone.
A．only to realize B．realizing
C．having been realized D．realized
12．He sent me an e-mail,____to getfurther information.
A．hoped B．hoping
C．to hope D．hope
13．____from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medi-cine with him wherever he goes.
A．Suffered B．Suffering
C．Having suffered D．Being suffered
14．Suddenly, a tall man driving a goldencarriage____the girl and took her a-way,____into the woods.
A．seizing; disappeared
B．seized; disappeared
C．seizing; disappearing
D．seized; disappearing
15．____in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had lefthis wallet at home.
A．To wait B．Have waited
C．Having waited D．To have waited
Keys: 1—5 CDBCA 6—10 CCADC 11—15 BBCDC