We study the propagation and interaction of ion-acoustic solitary waves in a simple two-dimensional plasma by using the extended Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo perturb
Research on evolutionary games in a noisy environment is still a non-solved problem. By using Markov process, we build a dynamic model for two-player and two-st
Starting from a discrete spectral problem, the corresponding hierarchy of nonlinear differential-difference equation is proposed. It is shown that the hierarchy