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田间观察比较了7个中熟大豆品种(系)花、荚形成过程及其时空分布和产量的差异。结果表明:在高密度(32.8万～35.0万株.hm-2)条件下,品种(系)间产量的差异主要是由于单位面积成花数、腔/花比值和荚腔数的差异导致;中熟超高产大豆品种(系)黑农61、10-46、11-109获得5 802.0～5 954.6 kg.hm-2产量的成花数为1 893.8×104～3 027.6×104个.hm-2,腔/花比值为0.87～1.33,腔数为2 511.2×104～2 646.6×104个.hm-2,结实率为85.5%～90.5%,粒数为2 256.6×104～2 275.0×104个.hm-2;均表现出中、下部节的花数分布较多,中、上部节的荚腔数分布较多,单株花期为21～27 d,开花高峰期在6月9日;荚期为24 d,结荚高峰期在6月19～27日,在结荚高峰期单株同时有6～10个节成荚,单株花荚期35 d。在高密度条件下,控制中部节间长度,增加植株中、上部节的成花数、提高腔/花比值,保证单位面积荚腔数是实现中熟大豆品种超高产的技术关键。
The field observation compared the flower and pod formation of seven medium maturing soybean varieties (lines) with their spatiotemporal distribution and yield differences. The results showed that the difference of yield between lines was mainly caused by the difference of flower number, cavity / flower ratio and pod number per unit area under the condition of high density (328,000-350,000 hm-2) The yield of mid-ripe super-high-yielding soybean varieties (lines) Heinong 61,10-46,11-109 obtained 5 802.0 ~ 5 954.6 kg.hm-2 was 1 893.8 × 104 ~ 3 027.6 × 104.hm- 2, the ratio of cavity / flower was 0.87-1.33, the number of cavity was 2 511.2 × 104-2 646.6 × 104.hm-2, the seed setting rate was 85.5% -90.5%, the number of grains was 2 256.6 × 104-2 275.0 × 104 Hm-2. All of them showed that there were more flower numbers in the middle and lower nodes, and the number of pods in the middle and upper nodes were more distributed. The flowering period per plant was 21-27 days and the flowering peak was on June 9. The podding period was 24 days. The peak of the pod peak was between June 19 and June 27, and there were 6 to 10 nodes in the pod peak at the same time. The pods reached 35 days per plant. Under the conditions of high density, controlling the length of internodes in the middle, increasing the number of flowers in the middle and upper nodes, increasing the ratio of cavity / flower, and ensuring the number of pods per unit area are the key techniques to realize the super high yield of medium maturing soybean varieties.