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本文从影响穗发芽的因素、抗性机理、遗传特性及抗性品种选育等方面综述了当前我国白皮小麦抗穗发芽的研究进展。认为抗穗发芽与种皮色级、穗部性状、吸水速率、α-淀粉酶活性及 ABA等激素有关 ;低 α-淀粉酶活性是抗穗发芽的主要机理 ;抗穗发芽的遗传 ,主要由数量性状控制 ,抗性的显隐性因组合而不同 ,而且有明显的倾母遗传特点 ;仅有少数组合表现出主效基因的作用 ;对于抗穗发芽白皮小麦的选育 ,主要是利用种子休眠性来实现 ,一是在现有白皮品种中广泛筛选抗源 ,二是通过红粒抗性品种与白粒品种的杂交 ,实现基因重组 ,也可通过远缘杂交和 α-淀粉酶抑制基因导入 ,控制 α-淀粉酶的活性来选育抗性品种。
In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the anti-spike germination of white-wheat in China from the aspects of influencing sprouting, resistance mechanism, genetic characteristics and selection of resistant varieties. It is concluded that the resistance to spike germination is related to the color level of seed coat, ear traits, water absorption rate, α-amylase activity and ABA and other hormones; low α-amylase activity is the main mechanism of resistance to spike germination; Quantitative trait control and resistance recessiveness were different due to the combination, and there were obvious genetic characteristics of the hemagglutination. Only a few combinations showed the effect of the major gene. The selection of the resistant white spike wheat was mainly by Seed dormancy to achieve, first, extensive screening of existing white varieties of anti-source, the second is through the red-resistant varieties and white varieties of hybrids to achieve genetic recombination, but also by distant hybridization and α-amylase Inhibit gene introduction, control the activity of alpha-amylase to breed resistant varieties.