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金、钨、钼、铜、铁等各种高温金属,其发射率(λ,T)通常小于0.5,并且随着温度及波长有很大的变化。因此用辐射测温仪来测量高温金属表面温度时,所得的辐射温度(亮温T_B 或色温T_e)与真实温度T之间就会产生较大的误差。本文从误差公式出发,利用已发表的(λ,T)数据,对6台国内外典型辐射测温仪(三台国产、三台日本千野公司产品)进行了计算,估算出由于(λ,T)≠1(或(λ_1,T)/(λ_2,T)≠1)时,所产生的百分误差结果表明,这6台样机(三台比色,三台亮度温度计)在测量上述各种金属的表面温度时,没有一台能保证其百分误差小于10％的。本文分析了产生误差的原因,并设计出一台辐射测温仪,在测量上述各种金属表面温度时,能保证由于(λ,T)≠1所引起的误差都小于5％,甚至更小,并为如何研制这样一台样机给出了光路和电路上的一套设计方案。
Various high temperature metals such as gold, tungsten, molybdenum, copper and iron have emissivity (λ, T) of less than 0.5 and vary greatly with temperature and wavelength. Therefore, the radiation thermometer to measure the temperature of the metal surface temperature, the resulting radiation temperature (bright temperature T_B or color temperature T_e) and the real temperature T will have a greater error. Based on the error formula and using the published data (λ, T), this paper calculates six typical domestic and foreign radiation thermometers (three domestically produced, three sets of products from Japan) (Λ_1, T) / (λ_2, T) ≠ 1), the resulting percent error results show that the six prototypes (three colorimetric, three brightness thermometers) When the metal surface temperature, no one can ensure that the percentage error of less than 10%. This paper analyzes the causes of errors and designs a radiation thermometer to ensure that the errors due to (λ, T) ≠ 1 are less than 5% or even less when measuring the surface temperatures of the various metals mentioned above , And how to develop such a prototype is given a light path and circuit design.