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目的:总结麻疹患者的流行病学及临床特征,分析上海闵行地区麻疹发病的特点。方法:回顾性分析近2年收治的260例麻疹患者的流行病学及临床资料。结果:(1)麻疹发病年龄在18～35岁之间有61.5%。(2)未接种过麻疹疫苗的患者有73.1%。(3)外地来沪人员占77.7%。(4)患者均有不同程度的发热,最高体温在38.5～40.2℃之间,在发热第3～5天出疹者占82.7%。(5)89.2%患者有典型皮疹经过。(6)46.2%患者可见麻疹黏膜斑,81.0%出现在病程第3～4天。(7)主要并发症有肝损(79.6%),结膜炎(38.5%),腹泻(23.1%),肺部感染(20.0%)。结论:应加强麻疹疫苗的覆盖面,特别是对外地来沪人员及其子女。在育龄妇女中可进行麻疹疫苗的补种复种,进一步加强防病意识,减少流行季节麻疹的发病。
Objective: To summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of measles patients and analyze the characteristics of measles in Shanghai Minhang area. Methods: The epidemiological and clinical data of 260 measles patients admitted in recent 2 years were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) The onset age of measles was 61.5% between 18 and 35 years old. (2) 73.1% of the patients without measles vaccine. (3) 77.7% of staff from other places in Shanghai come to Shanghai. (4) All patients had different degrees of fever, the highest temperature was 38.5 ~ 40.2 ℃, fever in the first 3 to 5 days accounted for 82.7% of the rashes. (5) 89.2% of patients had typical rashes. (6) Measles mucosa was observed in 46.2% of patients, and 81.0% appeared in the third to fourth days of the course of disease. (7) The main complications were liver damage (79.6%), conjunctivitis (38.5%), diarrhea (23.1%) and pulmonary infection (20.0%). Conclusion: The coverage of measles vaccine should be strengthened, especially for overseas personnel in Shanghai and their children. In women of childbearing age measles vaccine can be replanted, further strengthening the awareness of disease prevention, reduce the incidence of measles epidemic season.