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目的探讨营养指导对糖尿病合并妊娠患者及胎儿的发育影响。方法选择2010年6月至2013年1月在深圳市南山区妇幼保健院确诊为糖尿病合并妊娠患者138例,随机分为营养指导组68例和常规饮食组70例,营养指导组给予医学营养指导,常规饮食组给予常规饮食指导,观察两组妊娠结局及胎儿的发育情况。结果营养指导组糖化血红蛋白水平、脂联素水平低于常规饮食组(P<0.05);妊娠期高血压疾病、泌尿道感染、酮症酸中毒、低血糖、羊水过多、难产、流产和孕妇死亡的发生率均低于常规饮食组(P<0.05)。营养指导组胎儿中先天性畸形、巨大儿、低血钙症、窒息和胎儿窘迫的发生率均低于常规饮食组(P<0.05)。结论科学合理的营养指导能改善糖尿病合并妊娠患者的营养状况,促进胎儿的健康发育,并降低母婴并发症的发生率。
Objective To explore the influence of nutrition guidance on the development of diabetic patients with pregnancy and fetus. Methods From June 2010 to January 2013, 138 patients with diabetes mellitus and pregnancy diagnosed in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanshan District, Shenzhen were randomly divided into nutrition guidance group (n = 68) and conventional diet group (n = 70). Nutritional guidance group The routine diet group was given routine dietary guidance. The pregnancy outcome and the development of the fetus in both groups were observed. Results The levels of HbA1c and adiponectin in the nutritional guidance group were lower than those in the conventional diet group (P <0.05). Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, urinary tract infection, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, polyhydramnios, dystocia, abortion and pregnant women The incidence of death was lower than the conventional diet group (P <0.05). The incidences of congenital malformations, macrosomia, hypocalcemia, asphyxia and fetal distress in the nutritional guidance group were lower than those in the conventional diet group (P <0.05). Conclusion Scientific and reasonable nutritional guidance can improve the nutritional status of diabetic patients with pregnancy, promote the healthy development of the fetus and reduce the incidence of maternal and infant complications.