1900年,奥地利著名医学家、生理学家卡尔·兰德斯坦纳最先发现,人的血型可以分为A型、B型和O型三种,并因此获得了1930年的诺贝尔生理和医学奖。后来,他的学生又发现了第四种血型——AB型。这四种基本血型的确定,为后来医生们通过输血的方式来挽救病人的生命奠定了基础。我们首先要知道,人的血型取决于红细胞和血浆(大部分是水,是血细胞的生存环境)里的蛋白质的类型。红细胞里的蛋白质叫做 In 1900, Carl Landstein, a famous Austrian physician and physiologist, first discovered that human blood type can be divided into three types: A type, B type and O type, and thus won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine . Later, his students discovered the fourth blood group, the AB type. The determination of these four basic blood types laid the foundation for later doctors to save their lives through blood transfusions. We must first know that human blood type depends on the type of protein in red blood cells and plasma (mostly water, is the living environment of blood cells). Red blood cells in the protein called