一、概说我们土力学工作者所碰到的研究对象——土——是世界上最复杂的介质之一,从太沙基(K.Terzaghi)于1925年著《Erdbaumechanik》至今已有半个多世纪了,与其它许多学科相比较,土力学的进展是相当缓慢的,此点不仅反应在其基本计算理论上,同时也反应在测试手段上。这样一来,有一些学者就企图利用模型试验方法来解决问题,不巧的是土工结构物不能象空气动力学及水力学那样有效地进行一般的模型试验。尽管有一些人做了 Firstly, it is said that the object of study that our soil mechanics have encountered—the soil—is one of the most complex media in the world. It has been half since the 19th Erdbaumechanik by K. Terzaghi. For more than a century, compared with many other disciplines, the progress of soil mechanics has been rather slow. This point is reflected not only in its basic calculation theory but also in its testing methods. As a result, some scholars have attempted to use model test methods to solve problems. Unfortunately, geotechnical structures cannot perform general model tests as efficiently as aerodynamics and hydraulics. Although some people did